Remediation

Environmental remediation is the process of removing, reducing, or neutralizing contaminants from soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water at sites impacted by petroleum releases or hazardous waste. At LUST sites, remediation typically focuses on removing petroleum hydrocarbons and associated contaminants like benzene and MTBE.

Common remediation technologies for UST-related contamination include soil excavation and disposal, soil vapor extraction, groundwater pump-and-treat systems, in-situ bioremediation, and monitored natural attenuation. The choice of technology depends on the type and extent of contamination, site geology, proximity to receptors, and cost-effectiveness.

Remediation timelines vary dramatically — from months for simple cases to decades for complex sites with extensive groundwater contamination. State cleanup standards define the target contaminant levels that must be achieved before a LUST release can be closed. The EPA's LUST Trust Fund and various state funds help finance cleanups at sites where responsible parties cannot cover the costs.